A: Most pulmonary experts suggest that the first step in formulating an exercise program for asthmatics is to evaluate how the individual’s body responds to progressive exercise to volitional fatigue. The next step is to develop an exercise regimen that meets the individual’s needs and interests. Among the guidelines that asthmatics should follow to ensure that their exercise programs are both safe and effective are:
- Select an exercise that raises the heart rate, increases the respiratory rate, and is relatively easy on the lungs. Swimming, for example, is one of the best tolerated exercise modalities by asthmatics.
- Avoid asthma triggers as much as possible. For example, asthmatics allergic to pollen should exercise indoors.
- Avoid exercising outdoors on either polluted or cold, dry days. Wear a mask or a scarf to warm and moisten the inspired air if the exercise bout must occur outside on a cold day. Whenever possible, exercise in warm, humid air.
- Perform specific breathing exercises to strengthen the lungs.
- Use ratings of perceived exertion in conjunction with target heart rate to regulate exercise intensity, since many asthma medications can alter an asthmatic’s heart-rate response to exercise.
- Premedicate prior to exercising (within 30 minutes prior to engaging in activity).
- Keep an inhaler on hand while exercising.
- Avoid sudden, intense exercise for prolonged periods of time.
- Breathe through the nose as much as possible while exercising.
- Avoid hyperventilation by using a controlled breathing pattern.
Source: Bryant, Cedric X. 101 Frequently Asked Questions about “Health & Fitness” and “Nutrition & Weight Control”. Sagamore Publishing, 1999.
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